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Investment Returns Diverge Sharply Based on Unit of Account, Analysis Shows

A market-neutral strategy yielding five percent can result in opposite financial outcomes depending on whether performance is measured in bitcoin, dollars, or euros.

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An analysis by DCY illustrates how portfolio performance changes fundamentally depending on the base currency used for accounting. In 2022, two market-neutral strategies delivering a 5% gain produced drastically different outcomes: an investor measuring returns in dollars gained 5%, while an investor holding returns in bitcoin suffered a 62% decline in dollar value due to bitcoin's 64% annual drop.

The effect reversed in 2023, when a 5% return denominated in bitcoin generated a 168% increase in dollar terms, whereas a 5% dollar return represented a 59% loss in bitcoin purchasing power.

The report also highlights foreign exchange exposure for European investors, noting that a 5% dollar return in 2025 turned into an approximate 7% loss in euros after the dollar depreciated by 11.6% against the euro.

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