Ethereum
Ethereum Foundation Targets December 2029 for Post-Quantum Migration
The Ethereum Foundation has adopted a December 2029 timeline to transition the network against potential quantum computing risks.
The Ethereum Foundation has established December 2029 as a firm target to secure the base layer's execution, consensus, and data structures against quantum computing. The protocol development team described preparing for potential quantum emergence by 2030 as an intentionally aggressive timeline, matching migration benchmarks adopted by Google, Cloudflare, and Microsoft. The Foundation plans to keep the target fixed until a formal review with external specialists in January 2027, with Project Eleven data indicating that 65% of ETH currently resides in vulnerable address formats.
Meeting the December 2029 objective will require executing five consecutive hard forks at an average pace of 7.2 months each, starting with the Hegotá upgrade. Hegotá will incorporate Frame Transactions to facilitate new cryptographic signature schemes without requiring individual hard forks for each implementation. Supporting proposals in Tier A include EIP-8298 and EIP-8151 to phase out secp256k1 keys, alongside EIP-8365 to update legacy validator withdrawal credentials.
Upgrades to consensus layer cryptography are scheduled to follow later because they cannot be modified incrementally without coordinated hard forks. As a result, the Protocol Cluster placed Hash-Chain RANDAO into Tier B and assigned ML-DSA verification precompiles to Tier C to prevent premature cryptographic standardisation.
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